Fastener



Oct. 1945. c, uc; Re. 22,681

FASTENER Original Filed Oct. 25, 1941' 3 Sheet s-Sheet l Oct. 16, 1945. I KQc. BUGG Re. 2

FASTENER Original Filed Oct. 25, 1941 s Sheets-Sheet 2 I I 1E I I {if I 68 V i 5 g (96 g E W Jill MIIH [i5 INVENTOR.

dcLlG, 1945. K. c. was Re. 22,681

FASTENER Qriginal Filed Oct. 25, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Reissued Oct. 16, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Serial No. 416,456, October 25, 1941.

Applica tion for reissue January '7, 1944, Serial No.

Claims.

This invention pertains to hardware, and more particularly to fasteners such as screws, bolts, nuts and the like, and the tools for operating (such as applying or removing) said fasteners.

It. is an object of the invention to provide an inexpensive, easily manufactured, decorative fastener and the tools for operating the same, all of which fulfill all requirements of manufacture and service.

It is another object to provide a fastener having a head so: constructed andarranged that it may bra-partially destroyed without rendering the fastener inoperative, the fastener being operative so long as an effective portion thereof, such as awall, remains in the narrowest part of the head of the fastener.

Still another object is toprovide a fastener wherein the head is circular and the operating or purchasing wall thereof is so constructed and arranged that burring is substantially eliminated,

even though the fastener be used many times.

Yet another object is to provide a fastener wherein the head is so constructed and arranged that barring is substantiallyprevehted above. the

driving position while said fastening means is being set or fastened.

A -yet further object is to provide a fastener and. driving means therefor so constructed and arranged, one with respect to the other, that the driver is piloted into a driving or engaging posi-- tion,.which is advantageous in high. speed or automatic driving. I

Another object. is to (provide. fastening. means which may be readily manufacturedv by aplurality ofmethods, such asby boring, turning, coining or upsetting.

Another object is to provide fastening means having a head which is so constructed and arranged that it will be of maximum strength, but when the driver isappliedthereto, the maximum effective driving faces between the fastening means'and the driver are in contact.

Another object is to provide a safety screw which. may be so constructed and arranged that it is necessary to use the same type of driver for removal asfor application, so that in effect the screw serves as a lock.

Another object is to provide fastening means and a driver therefor, wherein the head of the fastening means may be fashioned so that the means permitting rotation of the fastening means bythe driver, and the complementary means of the driver, are always in the same relative position, as there are no parts of the head or driver to be specifically related, one to the other.

Another object is to provide fastener means and driving means therefor, wherein the head of the fastener means is so fashioned that the means permitting rotation of the fastener means by the driving means, and the complementary means of the driving means, are always in the same relative position through 360.

Another object is to provide fastening means and a driving means therefor, wherein the head of the fastening means may be fashioned so that the means permitting rotation of the fastening means by the driver, and the complementary means of the driver are eccentric, whereby said means have no specific position to be placed circumferentiall-y through 360, so that only one position of said means of the head and driver need bematched. 1

Another object is to provide a fastener and a driver therefor, wherein the complementary means between the driver and the fastener are eccentric and, therefore, only one position of said means of the driver and fastener need be matched.

Another object is to provide a fastener and a driver therefor, wherein the complementary means between the driver and the fastener are so constructed and arranged that the body and/ or rimportions are substantially circular, and the pilot, priming and/or driving portions are substantially circular but eccentrically disposed with respect to the respective body or rim portions.

Another object of the invention is to provide pended hereto.

elevation throughthefemale fastener engaging I end of said driver, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicatd by the line 2-2 of Figure 3;

Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of the fastener engaging end of the driver illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the same looking upwardly as viewe I in Figure 1;

Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation showing one form of fastener head embodying the invention, which fastener may be in the form of a bolt, screw, etc.;

Figure 5 is-a top plan view of the head illus- .trated in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional elevation of another form of fastener head embodying the invention;

Figure '7 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation of another form of driver embodying the invention, the same being in male form;

Figure 8 is a. bottom plan View of the driver end illustrated in Figure '7;

Figure 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of another form of fastener head embodying the invention, the same being adapted to be operated by the driver end illustrated in Figures '7 and 8;

Figure 10 is a top plan view of the fastener head illustrated in Figure 9;

Figure 11 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation through another form of driver wherein there is provided an inner rotatable priming and pilot eccentric, said eccentric being a fe- 7 male;

Figure 12 is a bottom plan view of the driver illustrated in Figure 11;

Figure 13 is an elevation showing a male form of rotatable priming and pilot eccentric, to be used in place of the female form illustrated in Figure 11;

Figure 14 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of another form of driver having an inner priming and pilot eccentric and an outer relatively rotatable priming and pilot sleeve;

Figure 15 is a bottom plan view of the driver enn illustrated in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a modified form of inner priming and pilot eccentric for use with the form of driver illustrated in Figure 14, wherein the same shows a male type of eccentric for use with a female type of fastener;

Figure 17 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of a head for a threaded fastener wherein the pilot and priming stud is located on the longitudinal center line of 'the fastener;

Figure 18 is a top plan view of the head shown in Figure 17;

Figure 19 is an enlarged sectional elevation of an eccentric form of nut embodying the invention;

Figure 20 is a top plan view of the nut shown in Figure 19;

Figure 21 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of the end of a driver for manipulating the nut illustrated in Figures 19 and 20;

Figure 22 is a bottom plan view of the driver end illustrated in Figure 21;

Figure 23 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional 1 the fastening elevation showing a modified form of nut adapted to be operated by the driver illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3;

Figure 24 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of the end of a driver for use with the head of the fastener illustrated in Figure 2-6;

Figure 25 is a bottom plan view of the end ofthe driver illustrated in'Figure 24;

Figure 26 is a modified head of a fastening means such as a screw or bolt;

' Figure 27 is a top plan view, of a head illustrat ed in Figure 26;

Figure 28 is a top plan view of a form of fastening means, such as illustrated in Figures ,4 or 6, wherein a slot is provided for removal of means as by an ordinary screw driver.

Referring first of all more particularly to the female form of driver illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, said driver consists essentially of a handle All of any desired shape, having the driving end 42 fixedly secured thereto; The end 42 is provided with a fastener engaging end 44, which end 44 is preferably substantially cylindrical for a distance from its extremity and is provided with a substantially cylindrical recess 45. The outer edge of the end 44 is circular in plan, as is the recess 46, the recess 46, however, being eccentrically disposed with respect to the outer edge of the end 44 (Figures 2 and 3).

In the fastening means illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6, it is understood, of course, that said means may be either a bolt or a screw wherein the shanks or threaded portions 48 and 49 are provided with the heads or body portions 50 and 52, respectively which are tool engaging portions. Said heads are recessed as at 54 and 56 to provide rims or outer walls 58 and 60, respectively, of substantially constant thickness whereby the recesses 54 and 56 are concentric with the outer edge ofthe head, i. e., the centers of said recesses are on the longitudinal axes of the fastening means.

Adjacent the center of the head there is provided a projecting pilot and priming member or projection 62 and 64, respectively, the member 62 projecting above the plane of the head 50, whereas the projection 64 terminates below the plane of the head 52. Projections 62 and 64 are substantially cylindrical, and where used with the driver illustrated in Figure 1, the projections 62 and 64 are adapted to fit snugly within the recess 46, and the outer portion of the end 44 is adapted to be received within the rims 58 and 60. l

As it is desirable that the outer portion of the end 44 fit within the rims 58 or 60, and the recess 46 receive the member .62 or 64 as quickly and positively as possible, the upper ends of the members 62 and 64 are disposed, respectively, above and below the plane of the head'in order to facilitate the application of the driver to the heads, 1. e., in order that there be a piloting action.

By slightly turning the driver with respect to the head, the pilot and priming member 62 and the priming member 64 cause the thickened portiongof the member 44 (Figure 3) to move toward the narrowest portion of the heads, thereby causing a wedging action to hold the fastening member to the driver and/or permit rotation of the fastening member by the driver. or course, rotation of the driver in a reversed direction causes a wedg'ing action in a reversed direction to permit removal of the fastening memaacer bet, and will be seen that so long as: any of the. rim. remains on the. heads unless. narrow.- est portion is completely destroyed, the taste!!- ing member can be applied. or removed;

In the male; driver endillustrated in Figures; 7 and. 8,. said end is provided with the substantially cylindrical male pilot member 66 eccentrically disposed with respect to the longitudinal center line of the driver, the male pilot member being disposed adjacent the concentric cylindrical drive member 68. The member 88 is disposed below the shoulder T8: of the driver,

said shoulder 18 being. provided with the face. or

plane I2 adapted to engage the top face or plane I4 of the head I8 of the form of fastener shown in Figures 9 and 10.

The head or body portion (tool engaging portion)" of the fastener shown in Figures 9 and- 10 is provided on the. shank member I8 with a screw or bolt, and said head is provided with. the concentric recess 88, preferably of substantially the. same depth as the member 68, for receiving the cylindrical member 68, and said head is provided with the eccentric recessv 82- for receiving the male pilot member 86. Thus. when the member 66 is inserted in the recess 82,. the member 68 is received in. recess. 88,. theplahe- 1.2 abutting the top of the rim l4. Rotating the driver causes rotation ofthe fasten-er due.- to the wedging action caused by the eccentric disposition of the recess. 82..

In the. driver shown in Figures 11 and 12, the. body or handle portion 84 is provided with the outer fixed priming. and pilot sleeve 86., secured thereto as at 88. The pilot sleeve 85 is. provided with the diminished substantially cylindrical end 98 eccentrically bored as. at. 92. and. receiving the inner rotatable priming and pilot. eccentric 94. The eccentric 84 is substantially cylindrical and is provided with the substantially cylindrical. re.- cess 96 which may be. serrated. The recess 86- is. eccentric to the eccentric. 9.4 and is provided with the shoulder 98 adapted to engage the retaining shoulder I88 of the sleeve 86. A. spring I82 is disposed between the shoulder 98 and the. body portion 84 urging the eccentric outwardly, i. e., toward the position. illustratedv in Figure. 11..

Where a driver of this character is. to be used for a head similar to that shown. in Figure 9. the priming eccentric I84 illustrated in Figure. 13 is used in place of the eccentric 94. Said eccentric IN is similar to the eccentric 94, being provided with. the shoulder 98,. but. in place of the recess 96, a pilot. member I 86. is. provided for reception within the recess 82,, said member I86 being substantallyy cylindrical and disposed eccentric to the eccentric I84.

In the fastening means shown in Figures 17' and 18, the shank portion I88 of the screw or bolt is provided with the. head or body portion (tool engaging portion) I I8, said head. being re.- cessedas at H2 to provide the concentric rim IN and the concentric substantially cylindrical. pilot and priming stud II 6, which may bev flush with the plane of the rim ormay terminate above or below said plane as shown in Figures 4 and; 6.

When it is desired to utilize the driver illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 to apply the fastening means illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, the driver is moved so that the recess 96 receives the stud H8, and movement of the driver 84 toward the head compresses the spring moving eccentric 94 inwardly against the spring until the end 98 is received in the recess II2, whereupon rotated movement of the driver 84" in either direction will rotate. said. fastener in direction due. to: the caimaction between: stud H8, eccentric 94', end 98 and: rim Hit-,the. stud. serving. to prime the driver end: into wedg-ing positionwith respect to the rim. Of course, a. similar action. takes place when a. driver is. used the. eccentric I84 to rotate a. boltor screw having: a head similar to that shown in. Figure 9..

In the form. or driver illustrated in Figures 14 and 15, the. driving member: 118 to which the. handle is fixed, is. provided with a. shoulder I28, and the cylindrical end 22, the axis oi said cylind'rical end coinciding with the. axis of the driving member Il*.8.. The end I22 is: provided with the substantially cylindrical. eccentric: recess I24 which may be serrated. A spring I2 is disposed between the shoulder I28 and the shoulder I28 of the pilot. and operatin sleeve I38, said sleeve I38 being provided with a cylindrical" end I32 pro.- vided with the eccentric bore I34: for= sli'dably re.- ceiving the end I22. The fastening means I 38 isfastened tothesl'eeve. I38 and" is adapted toabut the shoulder I-28 when the. end I22 is in withdrawn position as: shown in Figure 14'.

when this type. of driver is: used with th fastener illustrated in Figures 17. and 18, the member I32 operates as: a pilot, being received". within the recess. H2, and the maindriving portion H8: may be rotated it necessary and moved downwardly until: the recessv I 24 receives the stud II Er', whereupon continued rotation 02' the memher I M in either direction will rotate the. iasten ing member. In the eventit is desired tousezthe type of driver illustrated in: Figure 14' with the type of head illustrated in Figures 9 and 10; the main driving member H8 is provided with the cylindrical portion I22, and. the. male: eccentric member I36 (Figure 16): isprovided adapted tobe received within the recess 82 when the member I I8 is depressed against the spring I26, the portion I32 of the sleeve having been received in the recess 88. The operating movement is similar to: that already described.

Figures 19 and illustrate a circular nut I38 provided with the main body portion I48 and an eccentric circular portion I42, the threads I44 being disposed through portions I48 and I42. and

so. v

concentric to the portion I48.

In Figures 21 and 22, the driver for the nut I38 is. illustrated wherein the driver end I48 is provided with the eccentric recess i 48 adapted to receive the eccentric portion. I42 of the nut I38. The main recess I58 adjacent the recess I48 is adapted to receive the body portion. I'48' of said nut, whereby the nut may be rotated in either direction by a camming action.

Referring to Figure 23', a modified form of nut is provided wherein the cylindrical body portion- I52 is provided having the concentric threaded portion F54, the recess I56 being disposed to provide the outer rim I58 of constant thickness. An upstanding eccentric projection I68 is provided and, while the projection I68 is shown in Figure 23- as extended above the plane of the rim I 58, it is understood it may extend below said plane in a. manner similar to that already shown in Figure 6, and for the same purpose. This type of nut is adapted to beset by the type of. driver illustrated in Figures 1, 2' and 3, and in a manner already described for the bolts or screws shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.

In the bolt or screw illustrated in Figures 26 and 27, the body portion I82 of said bolt or screw is. provided, with the cylindrical concentric head I64, said head being provided with the, cylindrical concentric portion 166 and'the eccentric cylindri- .7 cal portion Hill; The driver for said bolt or screw shown :in Figures 26. and 27 ispillustrated in. Figures'24. and-25 wherein the end member I of said drivereis provided with the concentric cylindrical aperture I12 adapted to receive thecylindrical portion I66 of the head of the bolt or screw,

the end, plane I of said driver abutting the top plane. ,IJG .ofthe cylindrical head I64, the eccentricfzportion I68 .being received in the complementary; cylindrical eccentric recess I18 of the.

driver end l'lll. Rotationof said head ofthe bolt onscrewmay, of course, be had in either direction by the/driver illustrated in- Figures 24 and 25 through-the camming-action already described;

;In Figure .28 the form of head illustrated in Figure 4 is shown. In .thisconstruction the head,

50 is provided withla rim.5,8, the projection of stud E2 .andthe recess 54. .Butin this form aslot 38' is provided extending diametricallyof the head. This slot isused merely for emergency removal'orapplication of the fastener by an ordinary screw driver, as the other forms of drivers illustrated herein arepreferred for the reasons such, as set forth .in the objects herein.,, While the form of headillustrated in Figure 4 is, modified as shown in Figure 28, it is of course understood-that thisv emergency .slot may be applied to the other forms of. fastening means described. herein. This slot is made possible as thescrew or bolt heads shown herein are operative even though a portion of the I'im'OI:.St'l1d is removed.

..The forms of fasteners and drivers illustrated arevery inexpensive to make, and; they are of, a priming nature whereby the fasteners can b applied to thefdriverend, and thusout of the way places may be readily reached. The priming is positive, and slippage ofthedriver from the head is minimized whereby the adjacent work or materialgis not likely to be damaged, and the drivers andfa'steners are long lived as there is little danger of burring or destruction. The fasteners and drivers are readily adaptedto automatic or power driventools. Further, while on some-of the modifications herein .shown adistinct head is shown, it is understood .thisis. not always necessary as the tool engaging surfaces; projections, recesses, etc.', may be disposed. at the end of a threaded shank; or the headmay-be of .the same diameter I asthe shankyor mayencompass the threads (as in a nut), but for the sake of this application the head may be termed that portion having the tool engaging means. I Y

-;It is to be understood that I'do not .wish to be limited by the exactv embodiments of thedevice shown, which are merely by way of illustration 1 and not limitation, as various other'forms of the device will, of course,: be apparent to those skilled in the-art without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

v.1. A fastenerdevice comprising a tool engaging portion having fastening means, said portion located eccentri'callywith respect to saidfastening means, said 'cylindricalprojection providing atoolengaging surface;

2. A fastenerhaving a toolengaging portion provided with fastening means, said portion havaxis of said fastening means. 1 I

3. A fastener device comprising a head and fastening means, said head being provided with a substantially circular cylindrical recess providing an inner tool engaging surface concentricwith said fastening means, and means disposed within said recess having a circular cylindrical tool engaging'surface concentric with said first named tool engaging surface.

4. A fastener having a tool engaging portion and'fastening means, said ,portion having a circular recess therein defining a rim and an inner tool engaging surface concentric with said fastening means, and'a fixed circular eccentric projection disposed in said recess spaced from said rim and providing a tool engaging surface.

5. A fastener having a tool engaging portion and fastening means, said portion having a circular recess therein defining a rim and an inner tool engaging surface concentric with said fastening means, and a fixed eccentric circular pro} ject ion disposed in said recess and spaced from said rim, said projection terminating below the level of said rim.

6. A fastener having a tool engaging portion and fastening means, said portionhaving a cir-H cular recess therein'defining a'rim and an inner tool engagin g'surface concentric with said fas-" tening means, and a fixed circular cylindrical projection'dis'posed in said recess spaced from said rim and providing a tool engaging surface.

'7.-A fastener having a tool engaging portion and 'fasteningmeans, said portio'n having a circular recess therein defining a rim and an inner tool engaging surface concentricwith said fastening means, and a fixed circular eccentric pro- Jection disposed in said recess and spaced from.

said rirn, said projection extending above the level of said rim.

8. A fastener having a tool engaging portion and fastening means, said portion having a circular cylindrical tool engaging surface, concentric with said fastening means, and a fixedcircular eccentric projection providing a tool engaging surface adjacent said first named tool engaging surface.

9. A fastener device comprising a tool engaging I head and threaded portion, said head having an annular cylindrical recess defined by a cylindrical rim and an upstanding cylindricalprojection in line with the axis of said portion.

10. A fastener device comprising a tool engag-. mg head and threaded portion, said head having,

an annular cylindrical recess defined by a cylindrical. rim and an upstanding cylindrical projectionconcentric withthe head :and portion.

KENLY; o- BuGG. 

